| What type of molecule is DNA | double stranded helix molecule |
| what is DNA made up of | repeating units called nucleotides |
| what is each nucleotide composed of? | a phosphate
deoxyribose sugar
a base |
| what is the base pairing in DNA | Adenine with Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine |
| what is the backbone of each DNA strand produced (held together) by | strong sugar-phosphate bonds
bonds between the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate in each nucleotide |
| where on the deoxyribose sugar is a sugar phosphate bond formed | between the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of that nucleotide attached to the 5' carbon above or below it on the strand |
| what is the bond between the DNA bases | weak hydrogen bond |
| Why is DNA described as an antiparallel structure? | Strands run in opposite directions
One strand runs from 3' to 5' and the other runs from 5' to 3' |
| Give examples of eukaryotic cells | Animal cells
plant cells
fungal cells |
| Describe where DNA is found in eukaryotic cells | Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes in the nucleus which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins called histones.
They also contain circular chromosomes in their mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| Why is yeast a special example of a eukaryote | Yeast cells also have plasmids |
| Give an example of a prokaryote | Bacterial cells |
| Where is the DNA of prokaryotic cells found? | their DNA is found in the cytoplasm of the cell as a single circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids |
