| formula | rule principle |
| formula | rule principle |
| neglect | ignore, abandon |
| restoration | renew, repair |
| former | ex, previous, past |
| glory | beautiful and impressive in appearance |
| spectacular | impressive, fantastic, stunning, amazing |
| bygone | past, former, previous |
| inhabitant | citizen, resident |
| monument | a building built to remind important events and famous people |
| irrigate | to supply land or crops with water |
| utilitarian | useful, practical, effective |
| unique | sole, distinctive |
| heyday | the peak of someone's success |
| prime | the time when something or someone was the most popular |
| caste | social class in India |
| position (v) | situate, locate |
| descend | go down, move down |
| negotiate | consult, discuss |
| crater | hole |
| tier | one of several levels or layers that rise up one above the other |
| elaborate | intricate, complicated, complex |
| pillar | a tall upright round post used for supporting a roof or a bridge |
| Pavilion | exhibition area, spectator area |
| shelter | protect |
| intricate | complex, complicated, elaborate |
| relentless | endless, persistent |
| sculpture | statue |
| embellish | decorate, beautify, make fancy |
| derelict | neglected, abandoned |
| divert | reroute, turn away |
| undergo | experience |
| finest | best, most excellent |
| pristine | like new, untouched, unspoiled |
| depict | show, represent, describe, illustrate |
| incarnation | the state of living in the form of a particular person or animal. According to some religions, people have several different incarnations. |
| devastating | harmful, damaging, ruinous |
| earthquake | a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface that often causes a lot of damage |
| honour | respect, admire |
| ruined | broke, destroyed |
| dramatic | spectacular, striking, remarkable, extraordinary |
| comprise | include, contain, consist of, involve |
| striking | good-looking, attractive |
| ornate | covered with a lot of decoration |
| preserve | protect, save |
| flock | gather, from a group |
| marvel | wonder, awesome sight, amazing thing |
| ingenuity | cleverness, inventiveness, creativity |
| prospect | possibility, likelihood, chance, option |
| conceive | imagine, visualize, think of |
| vigorous | strong and healthy |
| efficient | useful, helpful, well-organized |
| facilitate | aid, help, assist |
| substantial | significant, considerable |
| frontier | border, boundary, edge |
| abolish | eliminate, put an end to, stop, close down, get rid of |
| emphasis | stress |
| labour-intensive | an industry or type of work that is labour-intensive needs a lot of workers. |
| assembly | gathering, meeting, get-together |
| plant | factory, manufactory |
| candidate | applicant |
| haulage | moving, carrying, shipping |
| export | sell abroad, sell overseas, sell to other countries |
| import | bring in, trade in, buy from abroad, buy from overseas, buy from other countries |
| inherit | be left, take over |
| distribution | sharing, spreading, allocation |
| imperative | vital, very important, crucial, essential |
| sustainable | able to continue for a long time |
| adapt | get a feel to, get used to, familiarize yourself |
| policy | rule, guiding principle, strategy, plan |
| objective | aim, purpose, goal, intention |
| integrate | put together, mix, combine |
| strategy | plan |
| propose | suggest, recommend, advise |
| ideally | perfectly, well |
| blame | hold responsible, accused |
| emission | release, discharge |
| reverse | overturn |
| culprit | cause, reason |
| account for | represent, explain, answer for |
| deterioration | worsening, decline, weakening |
| marginalise | to make a person or a group of people unimportant and powerless in an unfair way |
| emerge | appear, come out |
| accompany | go along with, go together with |
| complementary | balancing |
| ratio | proportion, percentage |
| curb | hold back, limit, restrain, reduce, cut back |
| occupancy | the number of people who stay, work, or live in a room or building at the same time. |
| revitalise | re-energize, strengthen |
| take up the baton | accept a particular duty or responsibility |
| concentrate on | focus on |
| logistics | the business of transporting things such as goods to the place where they are needed. |
| cohesion | unity, consistency, organization |
| uncoupling | disconnection, separation |
| saturated | soaked, wet |
| artery | a main road, railway line, river etc. |
| bear in mind | since, given that |
| make a shift of balance | change something and balance it. |
| innovation | improvement, advance, modernization |
| survival | continued existence |
| substantial | considerable, significant |
| inspire | motivate, engage, stimulate |
| budget | the money that is available to use for a person or a thing |
| recruitment | employment, staffing |
| circumstance | situation, condition |
| quartet | four singers or musicians who sing or play together |
| quintet | five singers or musicians who sing or play together |
| revolutionise | transform, develop, modernize, change |
| fuse | combine, blend |
| ambition | aim, goal, objective |
| hard-wired | someone who was born with a talent that couldn’t be changed |
| adopt | embrace, take on, accept, approve |
| seize | take advantage of, grab, take |
| gamble | risk |
| threatened | in danger, in jeopardy |
| delicate | needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively to avoid problems and failure |
| counterintuitive | paradox |
| conflicting | contradictory, disagreeing, differing |
| ensure | make sure, guarantee |
| collaborative | mutual, shared |
| brief | inform, tell |
| syndrome | a set of qualities, events, types of behavior |
| cite | refer to, mention to |
| organism | living creatures |
| crack | solve, work out, figure out |
| accomplished | talented, gifted, skillful, expert |
| rival | opponent, competitor |
| pursue | chase, follow, hunt |
| pervasive | existing everywhere |
| resist | oppose, refuse to accept, deny |
| veteran | experienced, expert |
| advocate | support, encourage, promote, be in favor of |
| peer | colleague, friend |
| engagement | meeting, appointment |
| inhibit | stop, prevent |
| regrettable | undesirable, unwelcome, unfortunate |
| tendency | trend |
| opt | choose, decide on, select |
| overbearing | domineering, always trying to control other people without considering their wishes and feelings |
| interchange | exchange, swap |
| function | role, purpose, meaning |
| take pride in | to do something very carefully and well, which makes you satisfied |
| accomplishment | achievement, success |
| simultaneously | at the same time, at once |
| assure | ensure, make certain, guarantee |
| frustrating | annoying |
| formula | rule principle |
| anthropological | the scientific study of people, their societies, cultures,etc. |
| wrestle with something | try to understand or find a solution to a difficult problem |
| enigma | mystery, puzzle |
| take off | start out, begin |
| drive | run |
| urban | city, metropolitan |
| labor | workforce, workers, employees |
| criteria | standard, principle |
| sufficient | adequate, enough |
| affluent | rich, wealthy |
| propose | suggest |
| ingredient | element, part |
| flourish | grow, thrive |
| succumb | give in, surrender |
| eccentric | unusual, strange, weird |
| deduction | reasoning, conclusion, logic |
| scepticism | an attitude of doubting |
| strengthen | support, reinforce |
| appraisal | assessment, evolution |
| notable | interesting, important, excellent or unusual enough to be noticed |
| wonder | self-question |
| alight on | to suddenly think of or notice something or someone |
| static | constant, unchanging |
| infant | new born baby |
| mortality | rate of death |
| wipe out | destroy, eliminate, remove |
| sanitation | the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water, etc. |
| statistics | data, information, figures |
| incidence | frequency, occurrence, rate |
| deduce | assume, reason, figure out |
| regulate | control |
| malt | grain used for making beer |
| prevalence | dominance |
| coincidence | tình cờ |
| dipping | plummeting, dropping, reducing |
| purify | clean, get rid of impurities |
| out of contention | no longer having a chance of winning something |
| forge ahead | make progress, especially quickly |
| literacy | the state of being able to read and write |
| abandoned | neglected, ignored |
| determine | decide |
| intelligence | cleverness |
| cutoff point | maximum value |
| contribute | be a factor |
| provision | the act of providing something that someone needs |
| backup | help, support, encouragement |
| verbal | oral, spoken |
| interaction | communication |
| manipulate | to work carefully with information, systems etc to achieve the system that you want |
| predict | guess, forecast, foresee |
| emerge | come out, appear |
| material | data, information |
| material | data, information |
