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level: INTRODUCTION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: INTRODUCTION

QuestionAnswer
Deals with tumors, including the origin, development, diagnosis, and treatment of benign and malignant neoplasms.ONCOLOGY
Any injury, cells come to do their job on the site to have the process of regeneration and repair, but in terms of a sudden alteration of the process by some factors, neoplasm or cancer comes inOral Pathology
Encompasses of group of diseases that are marked by a rapid, uncontrolled cell proliferation and conversion of a normal cell into a more primitive and undifferentiated state.Cancer
"NEW GROWTH"NEOPLASMS
A new, often uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue. (continuous process)NEOPLASMS
Parasitic, abnormal mass of cells which grows more or less progressively unless excised or controlled by therapeutic interventionNEOPLASMS
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:neoplasms compete with normal tissues and cells for their metabolic needs.BEHAVE AS PARASITES
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:All neoplasms are critically dependent on an adequate blood supply derived from the hostBEHAVE AS PARASITES
2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS:It more or less steadily increases in size regardless of their local environment and the nutritional status of the host.AUTONOMY
A diagnostic word referring to a swellingTUMOR
Maybe due to an inflammation, a reparative process, malformation, or neoplasmTUMOR
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR:A slow growing neoplasm, remains localized, and usually does little harm to the hostBENIGN
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR:A neoplasm with the ability to invade Other tissues and can cause deathMALIGNANT
Transference of disease-producing organisms or of malignant or cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of blood or lymphatic vessels or membranous surfacesMETASTASIS
Any gene that is a causative factor in the initiation of cancerous growthONCOGENE
Generation of tumorsONCOGENESIS
Capability of inducing tumor formationONCOGENICITY
It is an organism's ability to replace body parts,REGENERATION
A specific method of healing that is noted for its ability to regrow lost limb, severed nerve, and other wounds,REGENERATION
Quantitative increase in the number of cells; No significant alteration in cell structure and functionHYPERPLASIA
Cells maintain normal appearance but may have larger and slightly hyperchromatic(deeply stained) nuclei and abnormally prominent nucleoliHYPERPLASIA
Adaptive substitution by one type of adult or fully differentiated cell; Protective or adaptive responseMETAPLASIA
Main cause of metaplasiavitamin a deficiency
FORERUNNER OF A CANCERDYSPLASIA
Loss in the uniformity of the individual cellsDYSPLASIA
Loss of architectural orientationDYSPLASIA
Pleomorphism (variation in size and shape)DYSPLASIA
Deeply stained (hyperchromatic) nuclei abnormally large for the Size Of the cellDYSPLASIA
Cells fail to develop recognizable patterns of orientation to each otherANAPLASIA
Nuclei extremely large and hyperchromatic; variable and bizarre in size and shapeANAPLASIA
two principal criteria by which a diagnosis of cancer is made in a primary lesion.ANAPLASIA and evidence Of INVASION Of normal tissues
Abnormal cells that have not yet spread beyond they first formedCarcinoma in Situ
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Resembles tissue of originBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Less differentiatedMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(DIFFERENTIATION):Often atypicalMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ANAPLASIA):absentBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ANAPLASIA):PresentMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ENLARGEMENT):Usually progressiveBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(ENLARGEMENT):Progressive or erraticMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(GROWTH):Slow growingBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(GROWTH):Fast growingMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):ExpansileBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):LocalizedBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):encapsulatedBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):InvasiveMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):MetastaticMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(SPREAD):unencapsulatedMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Amenable to surgical removalBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Patient survival: goodBENIGN
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):Immediate tx needed or progressive spread followsMALIGNANT
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT(PROGNOSIS):poorMALIGNANT
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Arise from fibrous tissue, composed of fibrocytesFIBROMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Cartilaginous tumorCHONDROMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Epithelial neoplasms producing gland patterns/derived from glandADENOMA
BENIGN NEOPLASMS:Epithelial neoplasms growing on any surface, producing finger-like warty growths or microscopic projections.PAPILLOMA
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS: Any stratified squamous epithelium of the body.Squamous cell carcinoma
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS: Lesion where neoplastic epithelial cells grown in gland patternsAdenocarcinoma
Arise from mesenchymal tissue or derivativesSARCOMA
arise from all 3 germ layers; epithelialCARCINOMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Proliferating neoplastic cellsPARENCHYMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Largely determines biologic behavior of the tumor and is the component from which the tumor derives its namePARENCHYMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Supporting layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphaticsSTROMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Provides support for the growth of parenchymal cellsSTROMA
TWO BASIC COMPONENTS OF TUMORS:Structural support of parenchyma and carries with it nutrient blood supplySTROMA
If there is parenchyma but stroma is absent, it causes ____ of the neoplasmdeath
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:“Fleshy tumor”, very little fibrous stroma, soft and fleshySarcoma
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:(less connective tissue)Sarcoma
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:Gritty hardness due to a very strong stromal proliferative reactionDesmoplasia
TWO TYPES OF STROMA:scirrhous” (e.g. scirrhous carcinoma of the breast)Desmoplasia
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of mucosa at wall of gut + visceral peritoneumSEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Reimplants at distant sites throughout peritoneal cavitySEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Peritoneal Cavities (Pleural, pericardial, subarachnoid spaces)SEEDING OF CANCERS
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Transport of tumor cell fragments by surgical instruments of Surgeon’s gloved hands to sites away from the origin of the cancer.TRANSPLANTATION
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most commonLYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Tends to follow the natural drainage paths of the site of tumorous invasionLYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. Cancer of breast(oncocytes) à axillary nodes à nodes along internal mammary artery and suprainfraclavicular regionsLYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:Most important other than lymphatic (because once blood vessels are invaded, metastasis or spread of cancer can be as fast as a lightning)BLOOD VESSEL INVASION
4 PATHWAYS OF INVASION AND METASTASIS:E.g. renal carcinoma à renal vein à inferior vena cavaBLOOD VESSEL INVASION
The term used to describe a malignant transformation wherein the entire thickness of the epithelium is involved with dysplastic changes isCarcinoma in Situ
The following are mesenchymal in origin, EXCEPT Liposarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Colonic polypColonic polyp