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level: UNKNOWN ETIOLOGIC FACTORS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: UNKNOWN ETIOLOGIC FACTORS

QuestionAnswer
Actinic cheilitis, sometimes known as"farmer's lip" or "sailor's lip,"
precancerous condition related to cumulative lifetime sun exposureACTINIC CHEILITIS
frequently exhibit other effects of sun-damaged skin, such as precancerous lesions on the skin called actinic keratoses and extensive wrinklingACTINIC CHEILITIS
complain of persistent dryness and cracking of the lipsACTINIC CHEILITIS
more commonly affected lip in actinic cheilitislower lip
A certain type of skin cancer develops in 6-10% of cases of actinic cheilitissquamous cell carcinoma
Actinic cheilitis is significantly more common in ___________ individualsmen, the elderly, and fair skinned
There is a strong correlation of actinic cheilitis with ____tobacco use
Persistent redness, scaliness, and chapping are among the symptoms notedACTINIC CHEILITIS
Erosions and cracks (fissures) may be present as well.ACTINIC CHEILITIS
aid in preventing actinic cheilitisbarrier clothing, suncreen containing lip balms
When to Seek Medical Care for actinic cheilitispersistent scaling of the lips is noted
what is needed to rule out SCC in actinic cheilitisbiopsy
actinic cheilitis treatmentvermilionectomy, ablation with CO2, electrodesiccation & dermabrasion, fluorouracil
maybe caused by tobacco use, alcohol abuse, trauma, and C. albicans infection or maybe due to iron deficiencyIDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA
IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA etiologytobacco use, alcohol abuse, trauma, and C. albicans infection, iron deficiency
vague whiteness on a base of uninflamed, normal-appearing tissue to a definitive white, thickened, leathery, fissured, verrucous (wartlike) lesionIDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA
thickened, white patches form on the gums, on the buccal mucosa and sometimes on the tongueIDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA
usually as a result of chronic irritationIDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA
irritation can also come from ill-fitting dentures, long-term alcohol use. Tobacco, either smoked or chewed, is the main culpritIDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA
IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA treatmentsurgical removal for small lesions; periodic examination and biopsy to check malignant transformation
tobacco, alcohol, nutritional defects, any cause of oral cancerERYTHROPLAKIA
ERYTHROPLAKIA etiologytobacco, alcohol, nutritional defects, any cause of oral cancer
red patch on oral mucous membranes; most common location are the tongue, floor of the mouth, retromolar mucosaERYTHROPLAKIA
age range 50-70; Represents a severe dysplasia or carcinomaERYTHROPLAKIA
red patch with focal white areas representing keratosisERYTHROPLAKIA
ERYTHROPLAKIA treatmentSurgical excision
rapidly growing skin cancer usually appearing as a volcano-like bump on the sun-exposed skin of middle-aged and elderly individuals.KERATOACANTHOMA
scientists consider to be a less serious form of squamous cell carcinoma.KERATOACANTHOMA
Age over 50; Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes; Male; Chronic exposure to sunlight or other ultraviolet light; Exposure to certain chemicals, such as tar Exposure to radiation, such as radiotherapy treatment for internal cancersKERATOACANTHOMA
Long-term suppression of the immune system, such as organ transplant recipients;Long-term presence of scars, such as from a gasoline burn; chronic ulcersKERATOACANTHOMA
Presence of particular strains of the wart virus (human papillomavirus);Previous skin cancerKERATOACANTHOMA
appears and grows rapidly over the course of 2-6 weeks. Starting as a small, pimple-like lesion into a dome-shaped, skin colored nodule with a central depression filled with keratinKERATOACANTHOMA
size range is from 1-2.5 cm. Can be asymptomatic or itchy. may interfere with normal function of the affected areaKERATOACANTHOMA
KERATOACANTHOMA preventionavoid UV light exposure (tanning/sunlight), broad spectrum sunscreens, wide brin hats and long sleeve shirts, avoid sun (10:00am-3:00pm)
When to Seek Medical Care for keratoacanthomadevelop a new bump on sun exposed skin, spot that bleeds easily/ not healing; existing spot changes in size, shape, color, or texture; starts to itch, bleed, or become sore to the touch
KERATOACANTHOMA treatmentcryosurgery, Electrodesiccation and curettage, Excision.
also known as "scrape and burn."Electrodesiccation and curettage
Freezing with liquid nitrogen in which very cold liquid nitrogen is sprayed oncryosurgery
lip shave procedurevermilionectomy
recommend destruction of the damaged cells with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laserablation
electric current to destroy the precancerous cellselectrodesiccation
facial sanding techniquedermabrasion
most keratoacanthoma spontaneously disappear (resolve) within 6 months, leaving a _____.depressed scar
refers to a clinicopathologic concept implying a locally aggressive, clinically exophytic, low-grade, welldifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with minimal metastatic potentialVERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
a low-grade tumor that generally is considered a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
In 1948, ____ first described verrucous carcinoma, a low-grade tumor that generally is considered a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma.Ackerman
Early lesions appear as white, translucent patches on an erythematous base. They may develop in previous areas of leukoplakia, lichen planus, chronic lupus erythematosus, cheilitis, or candidiasisOral verrucous carcinoma
The more fully developed lesions are white cauliflower-like papillomas with a pebbly surface that may extend and coalesce over large areas of the oral mucosaOral verrucous carcinoma
Ulceration, fistulation, and invasion locally into soft tissues and bone (eg, mandible) may occur. Painful nonmalignant lymphadenopathy can be seen with concurrent infection.Oral verrucous carcinoma
Tumors most often grow around the lymph nodes rather than metastasizing to them. If metastases do occur, they usually remain limited to the regional lymph nodesOral verrucous carcinoma
Oral verrucous carcinoma akaAckerman tumor, oral florid papillomatosis
Common locations include the buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge, upper and lower gingiva, floor of mouth, tongue, tonsil, and vermilion border of the lip.Oral verrucous carcinoma
HPV infection is thought to facilitate or cause ______of the penis, vulva, and periungual region.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
Chronic inflammation may lead to the development of ______.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
Inflammatory diseases (eg, long-standing oral ulcerative lichen planus) seem to predispose patients to the development of _____. Also found in patients who chewed tobacco and betel nuts and dipped snuffsVERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: Leading theories include ,human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (anourogenital and some oral and sole lesions)
Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: oral lesions due tobetel nut chewing
Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: chemical carcinogenesis induced bysmoking and chewing tobacco
>60yrs, male; gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum; It's a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by Leukoplakik patches.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
Invasive lesions quickly invade bones; Enlarged regional lymph nodesVERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
It is rapidly become fixed with underlying periosteum and cause gradual destruction of jaw bone.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
Lesion shows painful multiple rugae like folds and deep clefts between them.VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA
VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA treatmentSurgical excision or laser therapy
Verrucous carcinoma mortality usually is because of _____ rather than metastatic spreadlocal invasion
Morbidity results from__________ and occasionally from perineural, muscle, and even bone invasionlocal skin and soft tissue destruction
prognosis of verrucous carcinomagood
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS Pathogenesis Its unknown whether same mechanism of ____ (catabolite of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke) binds p53 mutational hot spots as in lung carcinomaBPDE
catabolite of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smokeBPDE
_____affects cell replication and centromere replicationp53 mutation
men with long cigarette smoking history (male/female ratio 2- 3:1); >40 yearsCARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
majority of patients are cigarette smokers, and many work in mining, smelting or woodworking industries; Present with pain in sinusCARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
Patient presented with the most common features i.e., male with advanced disease misdiagnosed as sinusitis.CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
All neoplasms spread to the regional lymph nodes; Eventually spread to lungs and other distant sitesCARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
HISTO: Hyperchromatic nuclei with irregular outlines; Prominent nucleoliCARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
HISTO: Can range from well to poorly differentiated May be keratinizing with pearl formationCARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: most common 59%pain
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: second common 40%oral symptoms
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 3rd common 38%facial swelling
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 4th common 35%nasal obstruction
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 5th common 25%epistaxis
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS treatmentChemotherapy, surgery and radiation
Maxillary sinus malignancies have a poor prognosis, with the five-year survival rate being ___43%
overall survivial of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus52 months
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Advanced stage with __________ are highly predictive of poor prognosis.regional and distant metastasis
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Extensive morbidity and mortality due to local disease with _______-airway obstruction, hemorrhage, infection
CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Death usually due tolocal spread