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level: Level 1 of Chapter 10

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 10

QuestionAnswer
the point when somebody/something is best, most successful, strongest, etc.peak
(especially in the past, or in poorer countries) a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of landPEASANT farmers
strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or makes you worriedFor some PECULIAR reason, she refused to come inside.
to continue to do something despite difficulties or opposition, in a way that can seem unreasonableWhy do you PERSIST in blaming yourself for what happened?
determined to do something despite difficulties, especially when other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonableHow do you deal with PERSISTENT salesmen who won't take no for an answer?
the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forcesThere is a severe shortage of skilled PERSONNEL.
a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change somethingWould you like to sign our PETITION against experiments on animals?
a person who studies or writes about philosophyWe studied the writings of the Greek PHILOSOPHER Aristotle
connected with philosophythe PHILOSOPHICAL writings of Kant
a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and not surgeryPlease consult your PHYSICIAN before beginning any new exercise program.
a person who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge, culture, etc. that other people then continue to developa PIONEER in the field of microsurgery
when somebody pioneers something, they are one of the first people to do, discover or use something newa new technique PIONEERED by surgeons in a London hospital
a series of pipes that are usually underground and are used for carrying oil, gas, etc. over long distancesThere are plans to lay a gas PIPELINE through the region.
(especially in the past) a person on a ship who attacks other ships at sea in order to steal from themThere were reports that a PIRATE ship had come looking for treasure in the cove.
a large deep hole in the groundThe body had been dumped in a PIT.
(formal) a serious emotional request, especially for something needing action nowa PLEA to industries to stop pollution
to ask somebody for something in a very strong and serious wayI was forced to PLEAD for my child's life.
a serious promiseWill the government honour its election PLEDGE not to raise taxes?
to formally promise to give or do somethingWe all had to PLEDGE allegiance to the flag (= state that we are loyal to our country).
a small plastic object with two or three metal pins that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricityI'll have to change the PLUG on my hairdryer.
to fill a hole with a substance or piece of material that fits tightly into itHe PLUGGED the hole in the pipe with an old rag.
to move or make somebody/something move suddenly forwards and/or downwardsThe train left the track and PLUNGED down the embankment.
a long thin straight piece of wood or metal, especially one with the end placed in the ground, used as a supporta curtain POLE
the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinionA recent POLL suggests some surprising changes in public opinion.
a small area of still water, especially one that is artificiaThe POND is drained every year.
to make a short explosive sound; to cause something to make this soundHe POPPED the cork on the champagne bottle.
a thin flat case used for carrying documents, drawings, etc.I left my PORTFOLIO on the train.
to show somebody/something in a picture; to describe somebody/something in a piece of writingHe was one of the first to PORTRAY animals from the New World.
existing, happening or made in the period after a war, especially the Second World WarPOST-WAR reconstruction
to arrange for an event, etc. to take place at a later time or date than originally plannedWe'll have to POSTPONE the meeting until next week.
a person who works in a profession, especially medicine or lawdental PRACTITIONERS
to give a religious talk in a public place, especially in a church during a serviceShe PREACHED to the congregation about forgiveness
an official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation laterThe ruling set a PRECEDENT for future libel cases.
the quality of being exact, accurate and carefulHer writing is imaginative but lacks PRECISION.
an animal that kills and eats other animalsSome animals have no natural PREDATORS.
a person who did a job before somebody elseThe new president reversed many of the policies of his PREDECESSOR.
mostly; mainlyShe works in a PREDOMINANTLY male environment.
the state of being pregnantMany women experience sickness during PREGNANCY
an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.There was often PREJUDICE against people with disabilities.
happening before a more important action or eventAfter a few PRELIMINARY remarks he announced the winners.
most important, famous or successfulone of the country’s PREMIER chefs
a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argumentHis reasoning is based on the PREMISE that all people are equally capable of good and evil.
an amount of money that you pay once or regularly for an insurance policya monthly PREMIUM of £6.25
(of a doctor) to tell somebody to take a particular medicine or have a particular treatment; to write a prescription for a particular medicine, etc.He may be able to PRESCRIBE you something for that cough.
an official piece of paper on which a doctor writes the type of medicine you should have, and which enables you to get it from a chemist'sThe doctor gave me a PRESCRIPTION for antibiotics.
at the time you are speaking or writing; nowThe crime is PRESENTLY being investigated by the police.
the act of keeping something in its original state or in good conditionThe council has placed a PRESERVATION order on the building.
to lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc.They asked if I would PRESIDE at the committee meeting.
the job of being president of a country or an organization; the period of time somebody holds this jobShe hopes to be the first woman elected to the PRESIDENCY of the United States.
connected with the position or activities of a presidenta PRESIDENTIAL campaign/candidate/election
respected and admired as very important or of very high qualityMy parents wanted me to go to a more PRESTIGIOUS university.
to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proofLittle is known of the youngest son; it is PRESUMED that he died young.
to exist or be very common at a particular time or in a particular placeWe were horrified at the conditions PREVAILING in local prisons.
the fact of existing or being very common at a particular time or in a particular placean increase in the PREVALENCE of smoking among young people
the act of stopping something bad from happeningaccident/crime PREVENTION
an animal, a bird, etc. that is hunted, killed and eaten by anotherThe lion will often stalk its PREY for hours.
the person who is in charge of a college or (in Scotland and Canada) a universityPeter Brown, PRINCIPAL of St John’s College
the act of selling a business or an industry so that it is no longer owned by the governmentprivatization
a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people hasEducation should be a universal right and not a PRIVILEGE.
a complete and careful investigation of somethinga police PROBE into the financial affairs of the company
to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about somebody/somethingHe didn't like the media PROBING into his past.
difficult to deal with or to understand; full of problems; not certain to be successfulThe situation is more PROBLEMATIC than we first thought.
the process of using a court to settle an argument or to deal with a complaintThere was enough evidence to bring criminal PROCEEDINGS against her.
the money that you receive when you sell something or organize a performance, etc.; profitsThe PROCEEDS of the concert will go to charity.
the treatment of raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it, etc.the food PROCESSING industry
a machine, person or company that processes thingsThe company is Ireland's largest dairy PROCESSOR.
to publicly and officially tell people about something importantThe president PROCLAIMED a state of emergency.
making goods or growing crops, especially in large quantitiesThe aim was to maximize the machine’s PRODUCTIVE capacity.
the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce themWage rates depend on levels of PRODUCTIVITY.
that makes or is likely to make moneyIt is usually more PROFITABLE to sell direct to the public.
very great; felt or experienced very stronglyMy father's death had a PROFOUND effect on us all.
an estimate or a statement of what figures, amounts, or events will be in the future, or what they were in the past, based on what is happening nowSales have exceeded our PROJECTIONS.
important or well knownHe played a PROMINENT part in the campaign.
very obvious, easy to notice or strongly expressedHe walked with a PRONOUNCED limp.
ideas or statements that may be false or present only one side of an argument that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc.enemy PROPAGANDA
an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in businessHe was trying to make it look like an attractive PROPOSITION.
to officially charge somebody with a crime in courtTrespassers will be PROSECUTED (= a notice telling people to keep out of a particular area).
the process of trying to prove in court that somebody is guilty of a crime (= of prosecuting them); the process of being officially charged with a crime in courtPROSECUTION for a first minor offence rarely leads to imprisonment.
a public official who charges somebody officially with a crime and prosecutes them in courtthe public/state PROSECUTOR
expected to do something or to become somethingI had a phone call from a PROSPECTIVE client today.
the state of being successful, especially in making moneyThe country is enjoying a period of peace and PROSPERITY.
providing or intended to provide protectionWorkers should wear full PROTECTIVE clothing.
a system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between governmentsthe PROTOCOL of diplomatic visits
one of the areas that some countries are divided into with its own local governmentthe PROVINCES of Canada
connected with one of the large areas that some countries are divided into, with its own local governmentPROVINCIAL assemblies/elections
the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want; something that is suppliedhe government is responsible for the PROVISION of healthcare.
to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effectDairy products may PROVOKE allergic reactions in some people.
relating to psychiatry or to mental illnessesa PSYCHIATRIC hospital/nurse/patient
the regular beat of the heart as it sends blood around the body, that can be felt in different places, especially on the inside part of the wrist; the number of times the heart beats in a minutean abnormally high PULSE rate
a machine that is used to force liquid, gas or air into or out of somethinga foot/hand PUMP (= that you work by using your foot or hand)
to make water, air, gas, etc. flow in a particular direction by using a pump or something that works like a pumpThe engine is used for PUMPING water out of the mine.
a hard hit made with the fist (= closed hand)He shot out his right arm and landed a PUNCH on Lorrimer's nose.
to hit somebody/something hard with your fist (= closed hand)He was kicked and PUNCHED as he lay on the ground.
a question, especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about somethingif you have a QUERY about your insurance policy, contact our helpline.
a long search for something, especially for some quality such as happinessthe QUEST for happiness/knowledge/truth
a limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowedMany countries are still exceeding their QUOTAS.
a system that uses radio waves to find the position and movement of objects, for example planes and ships, when they cannot be seenThey located the ship by RADAR.
elating to the most basic and important parts of something; complete and detailedthe need for RADICAL changes in education
a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to controlHe flies into a RAGE if you even mention the subject.
a short surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers, ships or aircraftThe air force carried out a bombing RAID on enemy bases.
(of police) to visit a person or place without warning to look for criminals, illegal goods, drugs, etc.The house was RAIDED in the early hours.