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level: Circuits and potential difference

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level questions: Circuits and potential difference

QuestionAnswer
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.Components of Atoms
What are the three fundamental components found in atoms?Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons and neutrons are located at the centre of the atom in the nucleus.Protons and Neutrons
Where are protons and neutrons located within an atom?Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus at the center of the atom.
Electrons orbit the nucleus.Electron Orbit
What is the movement pattern of electrons within an atom?Electrons orbit the nucleus.
Protons and neutrons both have a relative mass of 1, while electrons have a very small relative mass, almost 0.Relative Mass
What is the relative mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons?Protons and neutrons have a relative mass of 1, and electrons have a very small relative mass, almost 0.
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus contribute almost all of the atom's mass.Contribution to Atom's Mass
What components contribute the most to the mass of an atom?Protons and neutrons in the nucleus contribute almost all of the atom's mass.
Proton has a relative charge of +1, neutron has a relative charge of 0, and electron has a relative charge of –1.Relative Charges
What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?Protons have a relative charge of +1, neutrons have a relative charge of 0, and electrons have a relative charge of –1.
Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge.Same Number of Protons and Electrons
What ensures that atoms have no overall charge?Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons.
Circuit diagrams are drawn using a standard set of symbols.Circuit diagrams
What circuit symbol is this?Switch (open)
What circuit symbol is this?Switch (closed)
What circuit symbol is this?Cell
What circuit symbol is this?Battery
What circuit symbol is this?Diode
What circuit symbol is this?Resistor
.Light-emitting diode (LED)
What circuit symbol is this?Light-dependent resistor (LDR)
What circuit symbol is this?Lamp
What circuit symbol is this?Motor
What circuit symbol is this?Voltmeter
What circuit symbol is this?Ammeter
What circuit symbol is this?Thermistor
What circuit symbol is this?Variable resistor
What circuit symbol is this?Fuse
A circuit may be a series circuit or a parallel circuit.Types of Circuits
What are the two main types of circuits?The two main types of circuits are series circuits and parallel circuits.
A circuit is a closed loop that an electrical current can flow through.Closed Loop
What characterizes a circuit in terms of its loop?A circuit is a closed loop through which an electrical current can flow.
If the components of a circuit are connected in a single loop, they are in series.Series Connection
How are components arranged in a series circuit?Components in a series circuit are connected in a single loop.
If one component is removed, leaving a gap, the circuit does not work because the loop is no longer closed.Series Circuit Operation
What happens if a component is removed in a series circuit?If a component is removed in a series circuit, leaving a gap, the circuit does not work because the loop is no longer closed.
If the components of a circuit are connected using multiple loops, they are in parallel.Parallel Connection
How are components arranged in a parallel circuit?Components in a parallel circuit are connected using multiple loops.
In a parallel circuit, removing one component does not affect the others because the remaining components still form a complete loop, allowing current to flow.Parallel Circuit Operation
What happens if a component is removed in a parallel circuit?In a parallel circuit, removing one component does not affect the others because the remaining components still form a complete loop, allowing current to flow.
Some circuits contain components arranged in both series and parallel.Circuits with Mixed Arrangements
What is notable about circuits that have mixed arrangements of components?Some circuits contain components arranged in both series and parallel configurations.
Potential difference is a measure of energy transferred.Potential Difference
What does potential difference measure?Potential difference measures the energy transferred.
The potential difference across a component is the amount of electrical energy transferred by it.Potential Difference Across a Component
What does the potential difference across a component represent?The potential difference across a component is the amount of electrical energy transferred by that component.
The higher the potential difference across a cell (or another power source), the more energy it transfers to the circuit.Influence of Potential Difference on Cells
How does potential difference affect the energy transfer from a cell to a circuit?The higher the potential difference across a cell, the more energy it transfers to the circuit.
The higher the potential difference across other components in a circuit, the more energy they receive from the circuit.Influence of Potential Difference on Circuit Components
How does potential difference impact the energy received by circuit components?The higher the potential difference across components, the more energy they receive from the circuit.
Potential difference is the energy transferred per unit of charge that passes.Energy Transfer
What is the relationship between potential difference and energy transfer per unit of charge?Potential difference is the energy transferred per unit of charge that passes.
Potential difference is sometimes referred to as voltage.Voltage
What is another term for potential difference?Potential difference is sometimes referred to as voltage.
Potential difference is measured in volts (V), where a volt is the same as a joule per coulomb.Measurement of Potential Difference
In what unit is potential difference measured, and what is the equivalence?Potential difference is measured in volts (V), and one volt is equivalent to one joule per coulomb.
Potential difference is measured using a voltmeter.Measurement of Potential Difference
What instrument is used to measure potential difference?A voltmeter is used to measure potential difference.
A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference across a component and must be connected in parallel with the component.Voltmeter Connection
How should a voltmeter be connected in a circuit to measure potential difference?A voltmeter must be connected in parallel with the component to measure the potential difference.
The voltmeter must be connected in parallel with the component.Parallel Connection for Voltmeter
In what manner should a voltmeter be connected to the component in a circuit?The voltmeter must be connected in parallel with the component.
The voltmeter shows the potential difference in volts (V) across the component.Voltmeter Readings
What does the voltmeter display when measuring potential difference?The voltmeter shows the potential difference in volts (V) across the component.
Energy transfers in circuits can be calculated from potential difference and charge.Energy Transfers in Circuits
What can be used to calculate energy transfers in circuits?Energy transfers in circuits can be calculated using potential difference and charge.
Potential difference is defined as the energy transferred per unit charge.Definition of Potential Difference
How is potential difference defined?Potential difference is defined as the energy transferred per unit charge.
The formula for calculating energy transferred by an electrical device is energy = potential difference × charge.Formula for Energy Transfer
For example, the energy transferred by a torch using a 6 V battery can be calculated if 50 C of charge flows through it. 50 C × 6 V = 300 J.Example Calculation