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level: Hard

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Hard

Question	Answer
theory which proposes that endometrial tissue implants at ectopic sites via retrograde flow of menstrual endometrium	retrograde menstruation
theory which holds that endometrial tissue can spread to distant sites via blood vessels and lymphatic channels which explains endometriosis on remote sites such as spinal column and nose	benign metastases theory
postulates that coelemic epithelum retains its potential for multipotential development and metaplasia occurs after and induction phenomenon	metaplastic theory
two distinct pathways by which endometrial carcinoma arises	hyperplasia and sporadic
pathway which is responsible for 75% of endometrial carcinoma cases and arises from a precursor lesion	Hyperplasia pathway
pathway which is responsible for 25% of endometrial carcinoma cases and does not arise from a precursor lesion	Sporadic pathway
which endometrial ca pathway is more aggressive?	Sporadic pathway
choriocarcinoma that arises from which pathway responds well to chemotherapy?	gestational pathway
choriocarcinoma that arises from which pathway responds poorly to chemotherapy?	germ cell pathway
staining of Paget cells	PAS+ keratin + S100-
staining of melanonma	PAS- keratin - S100+
immunohistochemical staining of rhabdomyoblast	desmin and myoglobin
serum marker used to monitor treatment response and screen for recurrence of surface epithelial carcinomas	CA-125
marker elevated in choriocarcinoma	β-hCG
proteins that High risk HPV produce	E6 and E7
E6 results in the increased destruction of what?	p53
E7 results in the increased destruction of what?	Rb
hormone responsible for the proliferative phase	estrogen
hormone responsible for the secretory phase	progesterone
loss of support from this hormone results to the menstrual phase	progesterone
common mutation in sporadic path in endometrial ca	p53
hormone that acts on theca cells	leuteinizing hormone
hormone that stimulates granulosa cells	follicle stimulating hormone
mutation that carries an increased risk for serous carcinoma	BRCA1