| THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(Sanitation and Environmental Health)
1) 500 BCE
2) 1840s
3) 1970 | .
1) Greeks and Romans practice community sanitation measures.
2) The Public Health Act of 1848 was established in the United Kingdom
3) The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was founded. |
| THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(Pandemics)
1) 500 million infected worldwide in 1918.
2) Vaccine introduced in 1) __; eradication initiative launched in __.
3) 34 million with __ worldwide; 20% decline in new infections since 2001. | .
1 Influenza
2 Polio
1) introduced:1955
2) eradication initiative: 1988
3) HIV |
| THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(Preparedness for Disaster Response)
1 plague used as a weapon of war during the Siege of
Kaffa.
2 - On this date, PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE are conducted after the 9/11 attacks
3 - Emergency services, public health surveillance, and disease treatment provided | .
1 Biologic Warfare
2 September 2001
3 Hurricane Katrina |
| THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(Prevention Through Policy)
1 - The world’s first written health code.
2 - Laws banning smoking in public places.
3 Food labeling and promotion of physical activity. | .
1 Book of Leviticus
2 Tobacco Laws
3 Obesity |
| A PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH | 1 Surveillance (what is the problem)
2 Risk Factor Identification (what is the cause)
3 Intervention Evaluation (what works?)
4 Implementation (How do you do it?)
SIRI |
| PUBLIC HEALTH CORE SCIENCES | 1 Prevention Effectiveness
2 Epidemiology
3 Laboratory
4 Informatics
5 Surveillance
PELIS |
| (Partners in the Public Health System)
1 The field of public health is __. Beyond government, it
requires __ with skills in intervention programs, policies, research, evaluation, and education.
2 What other sectors and fields can you think of
that have a stake in public health? | 1)
1 broad and interdisciplinary
2 stakeholders
2 Transportation, housing, schools, city
planning, or law enforcement.
Other partners:
governments,
community groups,
clinical care,
employers and businesses,
the media,
and academia |
| serves as VEHICLE for the PUBLIC’S DISCOURSE on public health concerns,
and historically, public health agencies and other
partners have educated the public and promoted
healthy behaviors through the news and
entertainment media. | Media |
| contribute to the public’s health by providing health insurance.
Workplaces also have wellness
initiatives, such as gym subsidies that promote
the health of their employees | Employers and Businesses |
| can work as partners in public health by including
health considerations in their policy
development.
➔ city planning
➔ Education
➔ Health in all policies | Government Agencies |
| - EDUCATES & TRAINS THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE, such as scientists, epidemiologists, and informaticians. Additionally, research conducted is put to use in the larger communities around the US and the
world.
➔ education
➔ Training
➔ Research
➔ Public services. | Academia |
| This resolution decided that the main social targets of governments and the WHO should be the ATTAINMENT BY ALL THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD by the Year 2000 a LEVEL OF HEALTH that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. | Resolution WHO 30:43
by the The 30th World Health Assembly
May 1977 |
| International Conference in Primary Health Care that was held at Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR.
indicate the date: __
indicate the name: __
Indicate the sponsors: __ | September 12, 1978
ALMA ATA DECLARATION
- represents a global idea about how to achieve world health
Sponsored by:
- World Health Organization
- UNICEF |
| OBJECTIVES OF ALMA ATA | ➔ To promote the concept of primary
health care
➔ To evaluate the present health care
situation
➔ To define the principles of primary
health care
➔ To define the roles of governmental,
national and international organizations
➔ To formulate recommendations for the
development |
| 1 IN 1979, The World Health Organization (WHO)
launched the __
2 PHC was adapted in the Philippines
through 1) __, signed by Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos,
on 2) __ | 1 Global Strategy for Health for All
2)
1 Letter of Instruction 949,
2) October 19, 1979 |
| •“an essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means
acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to
maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination.”- WHO
“Health for all Filipinos by the year
2000 and Health in the Hands of the
People by the year 2020” | Primary Health Care |
| Primary Health Care
Framework: People’s __ is the Key strategy to
achieve the GOAL, | 1 Empowerment and Partnership |
| Mission of PHC
PHC aims to strengthen the health care system by increasing 1__ and 2 __ wherein people will 3 __ | 1 opportunities,
2 supporting conditions,
3 manage their own health care. |
| The FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on HEALTH PROMOTION, meeting in OTTAWA (indicate the date__), hereby presents this CHARTER for action to achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and beyond.
- This conference was primarily a RESPONSE to GROWING expectations for a NEW PUBLIC HEALTH MOVEMENT around the world.
- Discussions focused on the needs in industrialized countries, but took into account similar concerns in all other regions. | Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 1986
Date: Ottawa, November 21, 1986 |
| PROCESS OF ENABLING PEOPLE TO INCREASE CONTROL OVER, AND TO IMPROVE, THEIR HEALTH.
To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being. | Health Promotion |
| FIVE PRIORITY ACTION AREAS as outlined in the
Ottawa Charter for health promotion: | 1. Health Public Policy
2. Create Supportive Environment
3. Strengthen Community Action:
Community Participation
4. Develop Personal Skills
5. Reorient Health Services
HCS DR
6. Public Health Policy |
| 1 In 1981, the role of the pharmacist in public health is defined by the __.
This association outlined that the role of the pharmacist is now escalating beyond the dispensation and distribution of medicines, and health supplies
2 A pharmacist can provide many services to public health that may include __ | 1 American Public Health Association (APHA)
2 pharmacotherapy, provide care, and
prevention measures |
| Activities where pharmacists can play an
important role to promote public health: | 1. Population-based Care
2. Prevention of Disease and Medication Safety
3. Health Education
4. Research and Training
PPHR |
| 1) __ characterized public health pharmacy services as occurring on MICRO and MACRO LEVELS. | 1 Bush and Johnson |
| EMPHASIZING THE WELLBEING of the PATIENT occur frequently; examples are
-tobacco cessation efforts,
-immunizations,
-health screening and referral,
-health education,
-patient counseling & monitoring
-responding to adverse drug events in an institution | Micro-level activities |
| Involve ASSESSMENT, IDENTIFICATION,
and PRIORITIZATION of the PUBLIC HEALTH
NEEDS in a community or population. | macro-level |
| INFLUENCES POPULATION HEALTH OUTCOMES by WORSENING, UNDERMINING, or IMPEDING A NUMBER OF PROCESSES, including social relationships, resource availability, stress, and psychological and behavioral responses, exacerbating poor health.
a well documented GLOBAL BARRIER to
health seeking behavior [1],
engagement in care [2], and
adherence to treatment [3]
across a range of health conditions [4, 5].
ENABLES VARIETIES OF DISCRIMINATION that
ultimately deny the individual/group full social acceptance, reduce the individuals’ opportunities and fuel social inequalities | Stigma |
