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level: KIN Exam - Level 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: KIN Exam - Level 2

Question	Answer
Aerobic weight-bearing program and a resistive exercise program • Balance training program and falls intervention program to reduce risk of falls • 1 RM muscular strength assessment is discouraged because of safety concerns	Osteoporosis - Recommended Exercise, fitness and functional testing
Often used fro individuals without stress test data Target HR = [(HRPEAK - HRREST) x %Intensity] + HRREST	Calculate HR Reserve (Karvonen method)
1.Force 2.Repetition 3.Postures	Primary ergonomic risk factors for MSK disorder
• Technique to objectively measure the physical demands associated with a job • Evaluates the job not the individual performing the job • Integral for a return-to-work program (RTW)	Physical Demands Analysis (PDA)
Work area - Ergonomics	• Identify primary hand movement area: between 15-40cm from the front of the body and within 40cm from the side of the body at elbow height • The secondary hand movement area is beyond the primary, but within 60cm from the side of the body at elbow height
1) 0° to 125° • 2)15° to 0	Hip ROM 1) Flexion and 2) Extension
0° to 15°	Hip hyper-extension ROM
1) 0° to 45° • 2) 45° to 0°	HIP ROM 1) abduction and 2) adduction
0° to 45° both	HIP ROM - Lateral and medial rot
between 15-40cm from the front of the body and within 40cm from the side of the body at elbow height	Work Area - Identify primary hand movement area:
Recommended dimensions for most seated tasks - work surface height	around elbow level
40cm at knee level, 60cm for the feet	Recommended dimensions for most seated tasks:  - Leg Clearance
Recommended dimensions for seated tasks: Thigh	20cm minimum
36-45cm (adjustable	Recommended dimensions for seated tasks: Seat height
around elbow level	Recommended dimensions for standing work: Working height of the hands
10cm minimum	Recommended dimensions for standing work: Knee
Overhead clearance: 200cm	Recommended dimensions for standing work:
13 cm minimum For both	Recommended dimensions for standing work: Foot height and depth
Fibrous joints – permit little movement Cartilaginous joints – allow more movement	Joints Types of non-synovial joints and allowed movement
i.Plane – articular surfaces almost ﬂat for gliding movements ii.Hinge – movement in one plane (elbow) iii.Pivot – movement around a pivot (atlanto-axial) iv.Saddle – saddle-shaped articular surfaces, allow movement in two planes (ﬁrst carpometacarpal joint) v.Ball and socket – unrestricted movement (shoulder) v. Ball and socket - unresistricted movement (shoulder)	Synovial Joints - Types and movement patterns
intellect and motor control	The Brain - Frontal Lobe
auditory input and interpretation	Temporal Lobe
sensory input and interpretation	Parietal lobe
visual input and interpretation	occipital lobe function
emotion and self-perception	Insular lobe
control of ﬁne and discrete muscle movements	Primary motor cortex
coordinating movement	Cerebellum
sense change in tension in muscle tendons	Golgi tendon organ
1. Cross bridge formation – activated myosin head binds to actin forming a cross bridge • Inorganic phosphate is released 2. Power stroke – ADP is released and activated myosin head pivots • Sliding thin myoﬁlament towards centre of sarcomere 3. Cross bridge detachment • When another ATP binds to myosin head, the link between myosin and actin weakens and myosin head detaches 4.Reactivation of myosin head • ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate • Myosin head returns to cocked position	Muscle Contraction - Cross Bridge Cycling 1 - 4
1. Smooth (involuntary muscle): not under direct conscious control • In the walls of most blood vessels • Walls of internal organs 2. Cardiac muscle • Found in the heart • Not under conscious control 3. Skeletal muscle • Under conscious control	3 types of muscle:
Testing for supraspinatus tendon impingement • Patient seated • Take arm passively up to 90 degrees and then passively internally rotate the shoulder • Impinges supraspinatus	Hawkins-Kennedy Test
Congenital neural tube defect in which the posterior arch of the spine fails to close during the ﬁrst month of pregnancy	Spina biﬁda