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level: Breast and Axilla

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Breast and Axilla

Question	Answer
12.5% (1:8) 80% occur after the age of 50	What is a woman's lifetime risk of having invasive breast cancer?
Medial: midline chest wall Lateral: mid-axillary line Superior: 2nd anterior rib Inferior: 6th anterior rib	Border of breast
an extension of the upper outer tissue of the breast that extends into the axilla	Tail of spence
Fibrous connective tissue that provides structural support , connected to both skin and underlying fascia	Cooper's Ligament
at the terminal ductal lobular unit	Where does most breast cancer develop?
Thickened skin with enlarged pores. Caused by: 1. Edema of the skin produced by lymphatic blockage 2. Cancer	peau d'orange
a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with ulceration, rash or scaling on the nipple extending to the areola	paget's disease
female gender age >65 Breast density in mammogram First degree relative with breast cancer High dose radiation to chest High endogenous estrogen or testosterone levels Certain inherited genetic mutations (BRCA1 and 2) Other: alcohol consumption, tall height, never breast fed a child	What are risk factor for developing breast cancer?
40 y/o	Beginning at what age does the American Cancer Society recommend annual mammogram screening in females of average risk for breast cancer?
excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)	gynecomastia
Breast pain Most common symptom prompting office visits	Mastalgia
Discharge of milk-containing fluid unrelated to pregnancy/lactation More likely to be pathogenic when it's bloody or serous, unilateral, spontaneous, associated with a mass and occurring in females >40	Galactorrhea
Most common: breast Most deadly: lung (then breast)	What is the most common cancer in females? What is the deadliest cancer in females?
Yes, men constitute 1% of breast cancer cases Risk factors: radiation exposure, BRCA 1 and 2, Klinefelter syndrome, testicular disorder, family history of breast cancer, alcohol use, obesity	Can men develop breast cancer?
Inverted: usually a normal variant of no clinical consequence (except difficulty breastfeeding) Retraction: a nipple pulled inward, tethered by underlying ducts. Possible underlying cancer	Inverted nipple vs Nipple retraction
Arms over head, hands pressed agains hips (contracts pectoralis) and leaning forward	What position should a patient be in, in order to assess for breast dimpling?