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level: Physiology #7

Questions and Answers List

Human Reflexes Pt.1

level questions: Physiology #7

QuestionAnswer
It is the arrangement of neurons through which the reflex is carried outThe Spinal Reflex Pathway is...?
1) Afferent (sensory) neuron. 2) An interneuron (may be absent). 3) nerve center (cell body of the efferent neuron). 4) Efferent (motor) neuron.What 3 neurons, + 1 cell body,make up a reflex arc?
An acquired reflex.What is a "Conditioned Reflex"?
It is in-born.What is an "Unconditioned Reflex"?
- Spinal (Sub-types: Superficial, deep, visceral) - Medullary (heart, respiratory, organs) - Mid-Brain (reactions to visual stimulation, "righting" balance) - Hypothalamic (Hunger, thirst, body temperature)Unconditioned reflexes are classified according to the center of the reflex (4 centers):
Unconditioned -> Conditioning -> Conditioned ResponseConditioning process steps: (3 parts)
Nerve type that controls: Planter reflex. Flexion withdrawal reflex. Crossed extensor reflex. Abdominal reflex. Nerves located on the skin, cornea and conjunctivaThe Superficial Spinal nerve receptor sub-type controls what? Where are they located?
2) Deep: Receptor are present in deep structures (skeletal muscle, tendons, ……). - Examples: Stretch reflex.The Deep Spinal nerve receptor sub-type controls what reflex? Where are they located?
Spinal receptor type: Stretch reflex Their receptor are present in deep structures (skeletal muscle, tendons)The Deep nerve receptor sub-type controls what reflex? Where are they located?
Micturition reflex. Defecation reflex. Erection reflex. Located on visceral tissues, inside the body.The Visceral nerve receptor sub-type controls what? Where are they located?
Scratch of the sole of the foot along its lateral margin, from the heal toward the toes will result in: a) Babinsky Sign, b) normal signScratch of the sole of the foot along its lateral margin, from the heal toward the toes will result in: 1) In normal subjects , the response consists of plantar _______ of all the toes .
What is the Babinski Sign?_________ is an abnormal response of the plantar reflex, named after the Polish physician. It consists of dorsiflexion of the big toe and separation (or fanning out) of the other four toes
Physiological causes:  Newly born infants during the first few months of their life, because during this period the corticospinal tract fibers are not yet completely myelinated or functioning.  Normal adults under conditions in which the cerebral cortical function is considerably depressed, such as during general anesthesia, coma, or even deep sleep.  Upper Motor Neuron Lesion, higher than the motor area, or descending motor tracts.What is the cause of the Babinski Sign?