What are the principal clinical manifestations of advanced HIV infection, and what is the pathogenesis of these manifestations?

The clinical course of HIV infection typically consists of acute viremia, clinical latency with progressive destruction of CD4+ T cells and dissolution of lymphoid tissues, and ultimately AIDS, with severe immunodeficiency resulting in opportunistic infections, some cancers, weight loss, and occasionally dementia. Treatment of HIV infection is designed to interfere with the life cycle of the virus. Vaccine development is ongoing.