Thylakoid biogenesis

Lamellae develop first, which is followed by grana stacks. In mature clp, there is no continuity between thylakoids and inner envelope. Thylakoid membranes have a unique lipid composition (Rich in galactolipids and Asymmetrically distributed). Thylakoid membrane proteins are also distributed asymmetrically. Thylakoid membranes are not made de novo but derive from the inner envelope (no lipid biosynthesis, lipids are made at the CIE). Vipp1 mutants have no thylakoids and no vesicles