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BIO May Exam

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Question:

Describe the menstrual cycle and its feedback control, as well as the role of the different hormones and steroids during the cycle

Author: Rebeca Lorena Arce Fonseca



Answer:

The uterus sheds its lining in menstruation. A peak in FSH, which promotes the development of a new follicle, is secreted from the pituitary gland develops the follicles which produce more estrogen. As estrogen increases, it makes follicles more receptive to FSH so estrogen also increases as a result (positive feedback). Estrogen at this point is in charge of repairing and preparing the uterine lining after menstruation. Then when it's peaking, estrogen causes an increase in LH but inhibits FSH, therefore leading to a decrease of estrogen (negative feedback). LH makes the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and estrogen, as well as completing the oocyte and digesting the wall of the follicle so it can burst in ovulation (osea, peak en LH causes ovulation). There is a peak in progesterone following ovulation to thicken the endometrium. Then the rise in progesterone and estrogen causes a decrease in LH & FSH (negative feedback because those hormones stimulates those steroids before). Then when estrogen and progesterone levels fall when no embryo is implanted, FSH rises again etc etc


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