Evolutionary Biology and Comparative Anatomy Lecture - Details

Levels:

1) Chapter 2: VERTEBRATE MUSCULAR SYSTEM View

Questions:

138 questions

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The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

The ____ is a hard, plate-like, bony flap that covers, and protects the gills of a bony fish and also serves a role in respiration.

Operculum

Blastopore is formed during blastula stage. (True/False)

False. It is formed during gastrulation stage.

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Avian development progresses in this manner.

Meroblastic, unequal cleavage

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Is a cavity found within a Blastula.

Blastocoel

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

In mammalian embryo, the inner portion of the blastocyst is called _____.

Inner cell mass

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

The individual daughter cells are called blastula during cleavage.

False. It is called blastomere not blastula.

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

It has distinct armored head shield with fused head and body and cartilaginous skeleton.

Ostracoderm

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ is a large phylum of animals that includes the vertebrates together with the sea squirts and lancelets.

Chordates

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

This is the potion where the notochord forms.

Dorsal wall of archenteron

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ derives from ectoderm that rolls into a hollow tube during development.

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ also called cold-blooded is an organism that regulates its body temperature largely by exchanging heat with its surroundings.

Ectothermic

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Matching type: Process of gamete formation: The union of haploid cells (gametes) to form a diploid zygote: Blastula formation: Formation of the three primary gem layers: Formation of the neural tube: Choices: Cleavage Fertilization Gametogenesis Gastrulation Neurulation

1st: Gametogenesis 2nd: Fertilization 3rd: Cleavage 4th: Gastrulation 5th: Neurulation

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Amphioxus is classified as vertebrates

False. It is classified as an invertebrate subphylum Cephalochordata of the phylum Chordata.

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

In mammalian embryo, the outer portion of the blastocyst is called _____.

Trophoblast

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ is an immature egg cell.

Oocyte

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Kangaroo, Spiny anteater, and Humans belong to Class _____.

Mammalia

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Matching type: Urochordata: Cephalochordata: Myxini: Cephalasphidomorphi: Ascanthodians: Choices: Hagfish Lamprey Lancelets Sea squirts Spiny fishes

1st: Sea squirts 2nd: Lancelets 3rd: Hagfish 4th: Lamprey 5th: Spiny fishes

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ is the general group of jawless fish.

Agnatha

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

_____ is the process by which sperm cells are formed.

Spermatogenesis

Inner cell mass in the human embryo is the region of what structure development?

Embryo

Oogenesis occurs in the _____.

Ovary

The two hypothetical ancestors of chordates are the Annelids and Echinoderms.

True

Which of the following describes the blastula development in frogs or anurans?

Blastomeres are larger in vegetal pole than animal pole.

The presence of a primitive streak marks this stage.

Neurulation

Turtles, snakes, lizards, and alligators are endothermic organisms.

False. They are ectothermic organisms.

The lip opening formed during invagination of the outer layer to the inner layer giving a double-walled cup in gastrulation.

Blastopore

The _____ is a sac filled with amniotic fluid that bathes the fetus; allows the early fetus to move freely and protects the fetus from the pressure of the maternal abdomen.

Amnion

_____ is a term used to describe 16 cell stage embryo.

Morula

These animals have a sac body plan.

Schizocoelomates

The process of splitting or migration of one sheet into two sheets as exhibited by the mammalian and bird hypoblast formation is called _____.

Delamination

In diploblastic animals, _____ is present between the ectoderm and the endoderm.

Mesoglea

Chordates with primitive head, pharyngeal slits and myotomes.

Lancelets

Why is it advantageous for a deuterostome animal to possess body cavity?

This provides an organized compartment for placing of organs.

The missing link between echinoderms and vertebrates.

Calcichordate

Which of the following is true about the body plan of chordates?

They have pharyngeal pouch.

Shark, skates and rays belongs to Class _____.

Chondrichthyes

_____ is a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals

Notochord

Turtles, snakes, lizards and crocodilian belong to Class _____.

Reptilia

_____ is the Subphylum where tunicates/sea squirt belongs.

Urochordata

_____ is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.

Embryology

Which of the following is true about amphioxus development?

Holoblastic cleavage, microlecithal eggs.

The head of the sperm contains the nucleus.

True.

Properties of Muscle Tissue

Electrical excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity

The ability to respond to certain stimuli producing electrical signals such as action potential

Electrical Excitability

The ability of muscle tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated by an action potential

Contractility

The ability of the muscle to stretch without being damaged

Extensibility

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension

Elasticity

It is a sheet or broad band of fibrous connective tissue that supports and surrounds muscle and other organs of the body.

Fascia

It separates the muscle from the skin

Superficial Fascia (Subcutaneous Fats)

It contains adipose tissue that insulates the body

Superficial Fascia (Subcutaneous Fats)

It lines the body walls and the limbs

Deep Fascia

It holds muscle with similar function together

Deep Fascia

It allows free movement of muscles, carries nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

Deep Fascia

Fills the space between muscles

Fascia

Three layers of connective tissue that extend from the deep fascia:

Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium

A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the entire muscle

Epimysium

It separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs

Epimysium

Surrounds group of 10 to 100 or more individual bundles of muscle fibers called a fascicle

Perimysium

Surrounds the individual skeletal muscle fibers (fascicle) and interconnects adjacent muscle fibers

Endomysium

Scattered between the endomysium and the muscle fibers are satellite cells, embryonic stem cells that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue

Endomysium

Narrow bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bone

Tendons

Bands of connective tissue that join bone to bone

Ligaments

Bands of connective tissue that attach flat muscle to another muscle or to several bones

Aponeuroses

The attachment of the muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the stationary bone, which is usually proximal

Origin

It is the attachment of the other muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the movable bone which is usually distal

Insertion

Prime mover. A muscle that causes a desired action; contracting

Agonist

A muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.

Antagonist

Muscle involved in addition to agonists and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movements and helping the prime mover functions more efficiently.

Synergist

Parallel

Rectus

Attached to the temporal bone

Temporalis

Maximus

Minimus

Longus

Brevis

Bicep

Tricep

Deltoid

Rhomboideus

Origin: scapula Insertion: deltoid ridge of the humerus

Scapulohumeralis

Bends or flexes a part; Decreases the angle at a joint

Flexor

Straightens or extends a part; usually increases the angle of a joint

Extensor

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