Exam 2 Chapter 6
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Exam 2 Chapter 6 - Leaderboard
Exam 2 Chapter 6 - Details
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| 1. Attachment of muscles through tendons 2. Protection of vital organs such as nervous system in cranial cavity 3. Reservoirs of minerals such as calcium and phosphorous 4. Hemopoiesis: manufacture of blood cells in red bone narrow 5. Storage of triglycerides (fat storage) stored in yellow marrow | Discuss the 5 functions of support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and triglyceride storage. |
| Cube shaped EX: wrist and ankle bone | Short Bones |
| Vertebrae and hip bones | Irregular bones |
| Shaft hollow in middle of bone and contains mostly yellow marrow | Diaphysis in Long Bone and what type of marrow? |
| Runs length of diaphysis and contains yellow marrow (storage of triglycerides) | Medullary cavity in long bone and what type of marrow? |
| Ends of bone Red marrow in proximal epiphysis of femur and humerus Yellow marrow in distal end of epiphysis | Epiphysis in Long bone and what type of marrow? |
| Between diaphysis and epiphysis | Metaphysis in long bone |
| A layer of hyaline cartilage that allows diaphysis to grow in length -Growth plate | Epiphyseal plate in long bone |
| Bony structure that replaces epiphyseal plate when bone stops growing | Epiphyseal line in Long Bone |
| Osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts | Inner layer of Periosteum contains what cells? |
| Dense irregular CT (fibrous layer) | Outter layer of periosteum is made of what CT? |
| Outer layer because it contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves that pass into bone | Is the inner or outer layer of periosteum vascular? |
| Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts | Endosteum of long bone consists of what cells? |
| Line medullary cavity, central and volksmann canals, and covers trabeculae of spongy bone | Endosteum of long bone lines what cavities? |
| Covers each epiphysis Hyaline cartilage | Articular cartilage of long bone covers what surface and is made of what cartilage? |
| Friction and damage at joints | What does articular cartilage prevent? |
| Derived from menenchyme (CT) Capable of mitosis and develops into osteoblasts Located in inner periosteum and endosteum in volksmann and central canals | Osteoprogenitor Cells: what CT, capable of mitosis? Location? |
| Derived from menenchyme (CT) Capable of mitosis and develops into osteoblasts Located in inner periosteum and endosteum in volksmann and central canals | Osteoprogenitor Cells: what CT, capable of mitosis? Location? |
| -NOT capable of mitosis -Produce collagen and bone tissue -Located in inner periosteum and endosteum in volksmann and central canals -Secrete bone matrix | Osteoblasts: capable of mitosis? What fiber and tissue is produced? Location? Secrete what? |
| -Moniter and mineralize bone matrix -Located in lacuna -Mature bone cell | Osteocytes: Location? What is it? Function? |
| -Develop from monocytes Release collagenase and acids -Located in endosteum | Osteoclasts: develop from? Releases what that digests bone? Location? |
| Osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone lining cells, and osteoclasts | Soft Organic Components: which cells allow bone to resist tension (stretch) |
| Sacrificial Bonds: stretch and break easily on impact, helping prevent fractures | Soft organic components: what type of bonds? |
| Mineral salts: calcium phosphate located around collagen fibers | Hard Inorganic Components? |
| 1. Made of OSTEONS 2. Fill outer layer of most bones 3.Bone marrow cavity present in center 4. Bone marrow stores fat 5. Forms shaft or diaphysis of long bone | 5 Characteristics of Compact bone |
| Centrally located mesenchymal cells cluster and differentiate into osteoblasts forming an ossification center that produces the first trabeculae of spongy bone | Step 1 of Intramembranous Formation |
| -Osteoblasts begin to secrete osteoid, which calcifies in a few days -Trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes | Step 2 of Intramembranous Ossification |
| Osteoclasts: move along bone surface, digging depressions as they break down bone matrix (break down to free calcium) Osteoblasts: deposit calcium into bone, remaking it' BOTH MAINTAIN CA HOMEOSTASIS AND KEEPS BONE STRONG | Discuss role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in remodeling process |
| Normal bone growth in young people | Growth Hormone (pituitary gland and thyroxin) |
| -Increases osteoblast activity -Accelerates deposit of Ca into bone -Blood Ca levels decrease -Released from thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels when they are too high | Calcitonin (thyroid) |
| -Sun converts cholesterol into vitamin D -Needed to absorb Ca from intestine | Vitamin D (calcitriol) |
| Decrease in vitamin D in adults | Osteomalacia |
| -Pourous bones -Caused by decrease in sex hormones with increasing age; more popular in menapousing women | Osteoporosis (sex hormone) |
| Bacterial infection in bone (staph) Bacteria reaches bone by blood, fractures, sinus infection, tooth abscess | Osteomyelitis |
| Malignant cancer of osteoblasts; predominant in young people -spread is likely; amputation | Osteogenic Sarcoma |
| Broken ends do not penetrate through skin | Simple/Closed fracture |
| Broken ends protrude through skin | Compound/open fracture |
| Bone shattered into many pieces | Comminuted fracture |
| Bone is crushed or driven into another bone | Compression/Impacted fracture |
| One side breaks, other side bends | Greenstick fracture |
| Broken bone portion is pressed inward | Depressed Fracture |
| Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plates | Epiphyseal Fracture |