INTRO TO PSYCH
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INTRO TO PSYCH - Details
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55 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Control group, Pre and Post testing, Random Allocation, Hypothesis Testing | Experimental Investigation design features |
| May not relate to real world, possible unethical or impossible to randomly assign and elimination of extraneous variables is not always possible | Experimental Investigation Disadvantages |
| A group separated from the experiment so the Iv cannot influence the results, used to compare groups | Control group |
| Research participants are randomly assigned and is used to obtain a sample that reflects the population | Random assignment |
| The variable that is manipulated or changed | Independent Variable |
| The variable that is used to observe and measure the effects of the IV | Dependent Variable |
| The variable other than the IV that can change the DV (outside factors that change the result) | Extraneous variable |
| Individual characteristics that impacts the experiment (avoided with random allocation and large sample size) | Participant variable |
| Extraneous variables involving personal characteristics of the experimenter (avoided with double blind procedure) | Experimenter effects |
| Biological, Basic, Person, Socio cultural | Four levels of explanation |
| Thoughts, memory, learning | Basic processes |
| Influences from people around you on your behaviour (stereotypes, culture, peer groups) | Socio-cultural level |
| No researcher bias and easier to compare and generalise | Quantitative Advantages |
| Often not possible (understanding why the responded as they did) | Quantitative Disadvantages |
| Explanations - unrestricted responses | Qualitative Advantages |
| Open for interpretation | Qualitative Disadvantages |
| Based on measurements of a participants response | Objective Data |
| Based on self reports | Subjective Data |
| Often not possible to verify, Assumes responses are honest and accurate, often biased and difficult to interpret accurately | Subjective Data Disadvantages |
| Eliminates personal factors , no bias | Objective Data Advantages |
| Collect quantitative data by observing pre existing variables ( gender, age) | Quantitative Observational Design |
| IV and DV, Can have control group, investigates differences between groups | Quantitative observational features |
| Can investigate unethical or impossible variables under an experimental design, some kinds of behaviour can only be observed in a natural setting | Quantitative observational Advantages |
| No cause and effect relationship, No replication, observer bias may influence results, no generalisation | Quantitative observational Disadvanatges |
| Only collects qualitative data - Info gathered usually from interviews or surveys - Focus group and delphi technique | Qualitative Investigation design |
| Gives people the chance to respond naturally, deeper explanations - focus group + Delphi technique | Qualitative Investigation Features |
| Group does not need to be together, Responses do not need to be in written format, Participants are considered experts in the field | Delphi Technique |
| Convenient, in depth data, People who cannot read or write can still give data, encourages people to share | Focus group advantages |
| People may not feel comfortable, Some may dominate discussion, Results cant be generalised, presence of observer may influenece behaviour | Focus group Disadvantages |
| Easy to organise, inexpensive, convenient, no peer pressure, avoids heated conversations | Delphi Technique advantages |
| Can force a consensus, researcher bias, cant generalise to wider population, doesnt allow participants to discuss issues | Delphi technique Disadvantages |
| Consistency and stability of results | Reliability |
| Entire group of research interest | Population |
| Sample which doesn't reflect the population due to size, bias and lack internal validity | Unrepresentative sample |
| Procedure researchers use to make sense of the underlying meaning of qualitative data - data is subjective | Content analysis |
| 1. organise the data, 2. identify groups of comments that are similar, 3. keep track of similarities, present data | Content analysis of focus group |
| Used to analyse and describe data | Descriptive statistics |
| Distribution of scores, dispersion, central tendency | 3 characteristics of descriptive statistics |
| Mean,median,mode | Central tendency |
| Normal positively skewed negatively skewed | Distribution of scores |
| Variability in distribution | Dispersion |
| How far on average a score differs from the mean | Standard deviation |
| Frequency distribution,tables,graphs | Graphic representation data |
| Conclude or judge from evidence | Inferential statistics |