Anatomy _ Veterinary Medicine
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Anatomy _ Veterinary Medicine - Leaderboard
Anatomy _ Veterinary Medicine - Details
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| Stomach Grooves | Reticular Groove : extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal opening and is bounded by a right and left lip Omasal Groove : between reticulo-omasal and Omaso-Abumasal opening forming a canal known as "Omasal canal " in the free border Abomasal groove : found in lesser curvature of Abomasum |
| Stomach Grooves | Reticular Groove : extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal opening and is bounded by a right and left lip Omasal Groove : Abomasal groove : |
| Multilocular Stomach Consists of : | 1st Three : Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum ( Cutaneous or non-glandular mucous membrane ) Last : Abomasum or Proper stomach ( Lined with glandular mucous membrane) |
| Rumen | -Largest part of the Stomach - Extends from Diaphragm cranially to the pelvic inlet caudally - occupies left half of the abdominal cavity |
| Surfaces of Rumen | 1 Parietal Surface : related to left abdominal wall, Diaphragm, and spleen 2 Visceral Surface : Related to the omasum, abomasum, intestine, liver, and pancreas |
| Borders of Rumen | 1 Dorsal Curvature : Convex, related to left crus of diaphragm and sub lumbar muscles 2 Ventral Curvature : Convex , ventral wall of the abdomen |
| Surfaces and Borders | Rumen has 2 surfaces and 2 borders |
| Rumen Relations | Dorsally: Diaphragm and dorsal abdominal wall ventrally: ventral abdominal wall cranially: reticulum and diaphragm caudally: pelvic inlet ( end of extension) |
| Surfaces of rumen ( Grooves and pillars ) | Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA8n1Q7olvk 1 Ruminoreticula groove 2 left longitudinal groove and pillar 3 right longitudinal groove and pillar (Right longitudinal groove with the right accessory groove surrounds an elongated bulge named insula ruminis) 4 left accessory groove and pillar 5 right accessory groove and pillar 6 cranial transverse groove and pillar 7 caudal transverse groove and pillar 8 left dorsal coronary groove and pillar 9 right dorsal coronary groove and pillar 10 left and right ventral groove and pillar ( left and right ventral coronary grooves divide the caudal part into 2 blind sacs) |
| Interior of Rumen | The rumen is lined with cutaneous mucous membrane, Has conical papillae with different sizes and degree of development --> Ruminal papillae |
| Reticulum | Second compartment of the stomach and is ball in shape |
| Position of Reticulum | It is intercalated between the diaphragm and ventral ruminal sac Dorsally: Diaphragm ventrally: Sternal part of diaphragm left side: caudal part of diaphragm cranially: Diaphragm caudally: ruminal antrum |
| Interior of reticulum | The mucous membrane has reticular cells which are honeycomb in shape |
| Function of reticular cells | They recieve heavy metals and food and soften them |
| Openings of reticulum | 1 Rumeno-reticular 2 Reticulo-omasal |
| Omasum | Third compartment of stomach |
| Position of omasum | Situated in the right hypochondriac region at the 7" -11" ribs |
| Relations of omasum | Cranially: diaphragm. Caudally and dorsally: intestinal disc. Ventrally: reticulum and abomasum. Medially: ventral ruminal sac. Laterally: liver and right abdominal wall. |
| Interior of the omasum | The mucous membrane is cutaneous |
| Omasal lamellae | Crescent folds of various sizes They differentiate in size: small, medium, large Arise from the inner surface of omasum |
| Number of Omasal lamina | Number of Omasal lamina is 100-130 in OX and 70-80 in sheep |
| Interlaminar space | Exists between Omasal Lamina |
| Openings of omasum | 1 Reticulo-omasal 2 Omaso-Abumasal bounded on both sides by two folds of mucous membrane known as Omasal vela or vela abomasica |
| Abomasum | -It is the fourth part of the ruminant stomach -lies on the abdominal floor -located ventral to the omasum and extends caudally on the right side of the rumen. |
| Stomach Grooves | Reticular Groove : extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal opening and is bounded by a right and left lip Omasal Groove : between reticulo-omasal and Omaso-Abumasal opening forming a canal known as "Omasal canal " in the free border Abomasal groove : found in lesser curvature of Abomasum |
| Curvatures of Abomasum | The greater curvature is directed ventrally and to the lateral, while the lesser curvature faces to the opposite direction. |
| Surfaces of Abomasum | The parietal surface is related to the abdominal floor and the visceral one is related to the ventral ruminal sac. |
| Parts of Abomasum (Fundic and pyloric) | The fundic part lies in the xiphoid region and the narrow pyloric part is directed caudally and bends dorsally at the right costal arch. |
| Relations of Abomasum | - Dorsally: ventral ruminal sac and omasum. - Ventrally: ventral abdominal wall and costal arch. - Cranially: the reticulum and liver. - Caudally: intestine. - Right side: the diaphragm and costal arch. - Left side: ventral ruminal sac and left abdominal wall. |
| Openings of Abomasum | 1 Cardiac opening 2 Rumino-Reticulo opening : joins the rumen with reticulum, guarded ventrally by "rumino-reticular fold" 3 Reticulo-omasal opening 4 Omaso-Abumasal opening : flanked by a fold know as "Omasal vela" 5 Pyloric opening : between abomasum and duodenum, at which the torus pylorus is found |
| Stomach of Camel | Compound multilocular stomach and has four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. |
| Rumen of Camel | EXTERNALLY: It is divided by a deep transverse groove into small cranioventral sac and large caudodorsal sac. من بره بيبقى مقسوم عن طريق ترانسفيرس جروف 1 Cranioventral sac extends cranially and flattened dorsally , Craniodorsal sac have glandular surfaces ( او الغدد) 2 Caudodorsal sac is large and balloon-like . at it's surface, there's a shallow groove that contains the "left ruminal vessels" -Spleen is attached to the caudodorsal surface INTERNALLY: The ruminal Mucosa is cutaneous mucous membrane , has no ruminal papillae but it's smooth -Thick muscular pillar corresponds to the transverse groove -corresponding to the sacculation , a pocket like cells called ruminal cells (water sac) are present RUMINAL CELLS : -Have glandular mucous membrane at its bottom and gives mucous secretion for liquification of the food -Have primary, secondary, and tertiary ridges at right angle |
| Reticulum of Camel | Bean-shaped , has 2 extremities: 1 right one : attached to rumen 2 left one : attached to omasum INTERNALLY has 12 circular and parallel ridges contains in between "reticular cells" RETICULAR CELLS - Divided by secondary and tertiary ridges into smaller parts - Lined by glandular m.m at the walls and bottoms |
| Omasum of Camel | Long and Sausage shaped -Its m.m is lined into 50 longitudinal folds . -some of these folds continue along the entire length of the omasum -Numerous small oblique folds occur on the floor between longitudinal folds. - There is no change in the appearance of the mucous membrane at the omaso-Abomasal junction |
| Abomasum of Camel | It's a short compartment, - The boundaries between omasum and abomasum is not obvious externally بيبقي شكلهم متصلين ببعض سطحيا -it expands to form a prominent dorsal convexity towards the pylorus (bulbous pylorus part). - Large torus pylori along the lesser curvature at the pyloric sphincter to support its weakness. - The m.m of the fundic region showed convoluted folds parallel to the greater curvature while the pyloric part has a smooth surface |