1. Propagation of action potential in neural and muscular tissue. 2. Involved in fluid and electrolyte balance. 3. Acid-base homeostasis. 4. Glucose and insulin metabolism.

Excess potassium is excreted in the urine with the influence of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by exchanging potassium with sodium.

ALDOSTERONE

Storage of potassium in the liver and muscles by _ _ _ _ _ _ _

INSULIN

In potassium is usually rare since cells can readily “pump” out potassium.

DECREASE

Second most abundant non-metal mineral in the body with an approximate mass of 160 grams.

SULFUR

STATE THE FUNCTION OF SULFUR

1. Constitutes methionine, an essential amino acid. 2. Constitutes the B vitamins: biotin and thiamine. 3. Formation of disulfide bonds in protein assembly and structure. 4. Constitutes the reduced form of glutathione, a well-known antioxidant.

The major extracellular anion. Has an approximate mass of 100 grams in the human body.

CHLORIDE

STATE THE FUNCTIONS OF CHLORIDE

1. Regulation of osmotic pressure. 2. Regulation of electrolyte balance. 3. Involvement in acid-base homeostasis. 4. Role in transmitting action potential in neural and muscle tissues.

In exchange with potassium, the hormone (what is the name of that hormone) promote reabsorption of sodium along with chloride in cases of deficiency.

ALDOSTERONE

Excess in(WHAT MINERAL) usually involves excess in (ANOTHER MINERAL) both passively excreted in the urine.

CHLORIDE AND SODIUM

Major extracellular cation. Has an approximate mass of 100 grams in the human body.

SODIUM

STATE THE FUNCTION OF SODIUM

1. Regulates blood volume, and blood pressure. 2. Regulates osmotic equilibrium. 3. Involved in acid-base homeostasis.

In exchange with potassium, the hormone promote reabsorption of sodium along with chloride in cases of deficiency.

ALDOSTERONE

Since water levels is directly proportional with sodium, the (WHAT HORMONE?) also promote sodium retention.

Anti-diuretic hormone

Second most abundant intracellular cation with an approximate mass of 30 grams in the human body.

MAGNESIUM

Interacts with phosphate in the formation of

DNA AND RNA

STATE THE #2 FUNCTION OF MAGNESIUM

2. Activator of enzymes that catalyzes ATP synthesis, and DNA synthesis.

Regulated by the kidneys via reabsorption in cases of deficiency, and excretion in cases of excess.

MAGNESIUM

STATE THE TRACE MINERALS

IRON, ZINC, COPPER, MANGANESE, IODINE, SELENIUM

The most important trace element in the human body with an approximate mass of 2.6 grams.

IRON

1. Constitutes oxygen-binding metalloproteins of muscle tissues (myoglobin) and blood (hemoglobin). 2. Constitutes enzymes such as cytochrome and catalase.

FUNCTIONS OF IRON

The human body conserves iron by recycling

Heme proteins. (IRON)

Iron can also be stored in the body in the form of ?

Ferritin and hemosiderin

WHAT DO YOU CALL THE TRANSPORT PROTEIN FOR IRON?

Transferrin.

Has an approximate mass of 2.2 grams in the human body.

ZINC

STATE THE FUNCTIONS OF ZINC

Functions include: 1. Necessary for most enzyme functions that are involved in transcription. 2. Key factor in prostate gland function and reproductive organ growth. 3. Regulates apoptosis.

Major zinc homeostasis of the organ is the (WHAT ORGAN?) mainly absorption from dietary sources.

INTESTINE

Has an approximate mass of 100 mg in the human body.

COPPER

STATE THE FUNCTION OF COPPER

1. Involved in the electron transport chain. 2. Involved in anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase.

Excess copper in the liver is excreted in?

BILE

SPECIAL PROTEIN CALLED? IT IS KNOWN AS A CARRIER OF COPPER IN BLOOD

Ceruloplasmin

Copper is absorbed in the intestines from dietary sources. Copper from bile is not reabsorbed by the intestine.

ZINC (ADDITIONAL IDEA)