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Advanced Nutrition (NFS 4020)


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Haley Tanne


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[Front]


What minerals are cofactors for antioxidants? (5)
[Back]


Mn Zn Fe Se Cu

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Advanced Nutrition (NFS 4020) - Details

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714 questions
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What is included in the secondary immune system? (3)
Spleen Lymph nodes Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT)
Immune system fights off...? (5)
Bacteria parasites fungi virus carcinogens
What are the four things needed for an effective immune system?
1) energy (macronutrients) 2) micronutrients 3) healthy microbiome (pro/pre biotics + fiber) 4) non nutrients (phytochemicals)
What makes up the innate immune system? (4)
Physical barriers complement proteins NK cells phagocytes
What is the purpose of complement proteins? (3)
Enhance immune cells increase inflammation signal other cells
Where are complement proteins found/synthesized?
Found in blood synthesized by liver
What are the 3 types of cytokines?
1) Interleukins 2) interferons 3) Tumor Necrosis Factor
What are the 3 types of interleukins and what do they do?
IL-1 + IL-6 -> Increase inflammation IL-10-> Decrease inflammation when you are ages 1-6 you increase arguments when you are 10 you are mature and can be a peace maker
Complement proteins enhance immune cells by...? (2)
Phagocytosis (coat intruder) membrane attack (break down membrane) they're like saliva on a gobstopper
What are the 3 types of phagocytes?
Granulocytes (include all the "phils") monocytes macrophages dendritic cells
How is inflammation measured?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Chronic immune diseases (5):
Allergies Arthrites Crohns Central obesity Diabetes 1 and 2 /metabolic syndrome CADillAC
Which Phagocytes are antigen presenting?
Monocytes macrophages dendritic
What are the three types of T cells?
T helper cytotoxic t cells regulatory t cells
What are the four types of B cells
Plasma B cells Memory b cells regulatory b cells antibodies
What are the 5 major classes of antibodies?
IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD you just got GAMED
B-cells need/don't need to be presented to
Do NOT NEED to be presented to
What activates helper T cells?
Antigens (Dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes)
What is the role of antibodies?
To communicate between both immune systems (innate and acquired)
Issues with the immune system (2)
Transplant rejections autoimmune diseases
Immune system is effected by: (5- things you can't help)
Things you can't help: -Genetics -sex -how you're born -age -Chronic disease
Immune system is effected by: (7 things you can choose)
Exercise central adiposity breastfeeding smoking/alcohol gut microbiota nutritional status stress
Nutrients needed in the immune system: (17)
Vitamin A Vitamin B2, 3,6,9,12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Zn Fe Mn Cu Ca I Mg P Z FeMiNine Cu Ca IMP
What 5 things go on while you are sick?
Energy needs inflammation oxidative stress cells are made/activated antigens are eliminated
What nutrients help with energy needs? (8)
Cu Mg Fe B2, 3, 6, 9, 12 All the Bs and a CUp and a MuG of FrEaking coffee
What is the scientific name of B1
Thiamin you have to have big THIghs to be number 1
What is the scientific name of B2
Riboflavin 2 rib cages
What nutrients are needed for cellular proliferation? )(6)
Folic Acid Fe Iodine Zn Vitamin D Mg transcribing DNA is like receiving a FFIZzy DM
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
Things to keep in mind when taking zinc (3)
1) take on empty stomach 2) may cause abdominal pain 3) dyspepsia (upset stomach for no reason)
How does Zinc contribute to plants? (3)
Chloroplast development plant growth Photosynthesis
Food sources of zinc (7)
Fortified foods dairy dark leafy greens protein/animal sources shellfish legumes nuts+ seeds
When is zinc considered an antioxidant?
When it is attached to a protein
Once in the enterocyte of the small intestine, Zn can do 3 different things:
1) be used 2) be transported to the blood 3)stored in the cell
Where are MTS synthesized? (4)
Liver Pancreas Kidney Intestine
Where are MTs located?
In the golgi apparatus
Are MTS antioxidants?
No, but they act like one because they bind to free metals
How does Zn travel from the small intestine to the blood? (3)
1) ZIP 4 and 14 2) DMT (divalent metal transporter) 3) Paracellular division
What increases the absorption of Zn (5)
Cysteine Methionine Histidine Casein Picolinic acid Cas did Meth and ate PICkles in her HIStory class, and got a CYST
What 3 molecules decrease Zn absorption?
Oxalate Phytate Polyphenols
What other things can decrease absorption? (5)
PPIs Antacids Iron Food Processing Calcium
How do antacids and PPIs decrease Zn absorption?
They decrease acid/make stomach more basic **Zinc requires acid to be digested properly!**
Where is zinc located? (3)
Mostly processed in the liver found within cells (mostly muscle)
Zinc Functions: (7)
Antioxidant Wound healing Sexual maturation Immune system Growth Heme synthesis Taste AW SIGHT
Zinc Function categories (3)
Catalytic structural regulatory
Catalytic function:
Zinc is a cofactor for >300 enzymes
What are the 6 main enzymes that zinc is a cofactor to:
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase DNA + RNA polymerase Superoxide Dismutase Fructose 1,6-biphosphotase Leukotriene hydrolase Gustin Super Fruit DNA gets Dehydrated when a Gust of wind passes the Latrine
Zn cofactor purpose: Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Converts pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA
Zn cofactor purpose: DNA + RNA polymerase
Dna replication + transcription
Zn cofactor purpose: Superoxide Dismutase
Cytosolic antioxidant (Antioxidant for fluid within cells)
Zn cofactor purpose: Leukotriene Hydrolase
Eicosanoid metabolism (breaks down signaling molecules)